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Nearby Parks:
Custer State Park Headquarters
Custer State Park - Norbeck Wildelife Preserve
State Park School
Custer State Park
Black Hills National Forest
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| National Park Overview: |
 | The four figures carved in stone on Mount Rushmore represent the first 150 years of American history. The birth of our nation was guided by the vision and courage of George Washington. Thomas Jefferson always had dreams of something bigger, first in the words of the Declaration of Independence and later in the expansion of our nation through the Louisiana Purchase. Preservation of the union was paramount to Abraham Lincoln but a nation where all men were free and equal was destined to be. At the turn of the Twentieth Century Theodore Roosevelt saw that in our nation was the possibility for greatness. Our nation was changing from a rural republic to a world power. The ideals of these presidents laid a foundation for our nation as solid as the rock from which their figures are carved.
Each man possessed great skills and leadership of the brand our nation needed for the times. Today millions of visitors come to see Mount Rushmore and gain inspiration from these four great men. |
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| Camping: |
| There is no camping at Mount Rushmore National Memorial. There are several campgrounds in Black Hills National Forest and Custer State Park nearby. |
| History of the Area: |
| Carved into the southeast face of a mountain in South Dakota are the faces of four presidents, a memorial to American history. The faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln look down from their stoney heights and remind everyone that even the impossible is possible.
South Dakota state historian Doane Robinson conceived the idea in 1923 to attract more people to the Black Hills of South Dakota with colossal carvings of western heroes. Robinson gained support from major players in South Dakota and Washington DC with the help of Senator Peter Norbeck and Congressman William Williamson. Congress passed legislation authorizing the mountain carving in Black Hills National Forest.
After trying to get another sculptor to do the work, Robinson contacted Gutzon Borglum. Borglum, who agreed to come out to the Black Hills in 1924 to look at the area and see if the carving was possible. When Borglum saw Mount Rushmore, he pointed to it and said, "America will march along that skyline."
Borglum liked Mount Rushmore because it faced southeast which meant it would receive good light throughout most of the day. It was the highest peak in the immediate vicinity, and the granite was very resistant, eroding one inch every 10,000 years. Robinson and Borglum selected the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln to be carved into the stone.
Once they had a carving plan and a location was set, the work could begin. Borglum created a plaster model from which measurements were taken using the pointing system. On October 4, 1927 the first actual work of carving began.
Work began on Mount Rushmore with George Washington. Thomas Jefferson was started on Washington's right. After about two years of working on Jefferson, the granite was found to be badly cracked and Jefferson had to be blasted off the mountain. He was started again on the left side of Washington.
Washington's face was dedicated on July 4, 1934. Borglum was a genius at creating interest and excitement in his mountain carving. Local women from Rapid City made a 39 by 70 foot flag to cover the face before it was revealed to the public. Thomas Jefferson was dedicated in 1936 with President Franklin Roosevelt attending the dedication. Franklin Roosevelt had no intention of speaking at the dedication but was inspired by what he saw, and gave a brief speech.
"...I had seen the photographs, I had seen the drawings, and I had talked with those who are responsible for this great work, and yet I had no conception, until about ten minutes ago, not only of its magnitude, but also its permanent beauty and importance."
Abraham Lincoln was dedicated on September 17, 1937, the one hundred fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Constitution. In 1939, the same year modern plumbing and night lighting was installed at the memorial, Theodore Roosevelt?s figure was dedicated.
For two more years the work continued on the mountain. Details and finishing touches were made. In March of 1941 Borglum died suddenly of an embolism. His son, Lincoln, took over the project for the next seven months, until funding ran out. The carving of Mount Rushmore was shut down and the presidential faces were complete as they stood.
Yet during these tumultuous years of the nation?s life the imposing granite face of Mount Rushmore had been unimaginably transformed into the likeness of four of our nation's greatest presidents. What had seemed almost impossible had been made a reality. |
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| | Note to Park related businesses:
List your vacation cabin, weekend getaway, log cabin rental, romantic cottage, vacation home, resort, hotel, motel, bed and breakfast, country inn, campground, RV park, horseback riding stable, canoe livery, river rafting, outfitting, sporting goods store, guide service, RV rental or any other park related activity, park related attraction or park related service on Google or StateParks.com. (more).... |
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| Related Links: |
| Mount Rushmore National Memorial (National Park Service) - Lincoln Borglum Museum Open All Year Winter 8:00 am - 5:00 pm Summer 8:00 am - 10:00 pm View all Facilities ? Fee Information View all Fees ? Mount Rushmore is on heightened security. ? Mount Rushmore ... | | Mt Rushmore.net - Mt Rushmore is the shrine of democracy and located in the Black Hills of SD! ... Mt Rushmore Trivia New - FireWorks Mount Rushmore National Memorial, located 23 miles southwest of Rapid City, is ... | | Mount Rushmore National Memorial -- Visitor Services - ... offices are available in all communities, including Keystone and Hill City. Recycling Mount Rushmore National Memorial is actively involved in recycling white paper and aluminum cans. Please do ... | | Mount Rushmore National Memorial. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 - Mount Rushmore National Memorial. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001 ... The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001. Mount Rushmore National Memorial 1,278 acres (518 ... | | South Dakota Public Lands: Mount Rushmore National Memorial - South Dakota Public Lands: Mount Rushmore National Memorial ... 3171 Email: Jim_Popovich@nps.gov INFORMATIONAL LINKS Mount Rushmore National Memorial Mount Rushmore National Memorial On ... |
| Nature Programs: |
| Mount Rushmore National Memorial offers digital ranger programs through the Digital Dakota Network. These programs are live ranger programs transmitted by satellite. This type of program allows Mount Rushmore and schools all across South Dakota to have programs together.
If you are interested in participating in a Distance Learning program you can look up programs on the Digital Dakota Network website. You can also click on the program titles or dates below to view descriptions and contact information for Mount Rushmore's programs.
WRAPPED UP IN THE MEANINGS OF OUR FLAG: Students will grasp how the meanings of our national colors have evolved with our country, and also learn the meanings of the symbols found within our state flag. There will be a second program scheduled for March 25, 2004.
EVERYONE IS AN INVENTOR: New ideas are made everyday, students will come up with some new ideas of their own. Student learn about the invention process and develop their own inventions to seal the cracks on Mount Rushmore. They will also be reviewed by their peers to see if they will receive a patent for their invention. This program is recommended for 3rd, 4th and 5th graders. This program will broadcast again on March 7, 2005. |
| Area Attractions: |
| NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AREAS NEARBY:
Badlands National Park, 85 miles.
Devils Tower National Monument, 130 miles.
Jewel Cave National Monument, 35 miles.
Wind Cave National Park, 40 miles.
Yellowstone National Park, 460 miles. |
| Directions: |
| Plane - Rapid City Regional Airport: 35 miles to the memorial from Rapid City Regional Airport.
Car - Visitors traveling on I-90 should exit at Rapid City and follow Highway 16 southwest to Keystone and then Highway 244 to Mount Rushmore. Visitors coming from the south should follow Highway 385 north to Highway 244, which is the road leading to the memorial.
Public Transportation - Rental cars or private tour companies can bring visitors to the memorial from Rapid City, SD. Personal vehicles are the most common form of transportation. No public transportation options exist. |
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